There is a Khan Academy video on environmental effects on phenotype here: Wikipedia has a decent article on this here: An article on this:Ī third example of this is sex determination in some reptiles and fish - some temperatures will result in all male hatchlings while others will result in all female hatchlings (intermediate temperatures result in a mix of males and females). These changes have occurred much faster than can be explained by evolutionary changes. This article helps explain some of this:Ī second example of this is human height - this has increased with increasing wealth (and food availability) in most countries even those with relatively low immigration levels (e.g. One reason for these differences is that experience and environmental differences (even within the womb) can affect many phenotypes including personality. One example of this is how while monozygotic ("identical") twins show very strong similarities in many measures of personality and behavior, but they are not identical. Yes there are many examples where the environment can have a very strong influence on phenotype. In this answer I'm assuming you meant direct effects rather than evolutionary effects. Simply put, something has to have happened which caused part of a population to decline for it to be considered bottlenecking part of the population has to have left for it to be Founder's effect. This founder's effect disturbed the original colony because now there are less red ants to contribute their red alleles to the gene pool: allowing for the black ants to dominate in this scenario as well. Let's say a group of red ants rebel against the queen and leave to start their own colony. Imagine that same colony as it hasn't gone through any disasters. Imagine a colony of ants, half is red and half is black, if you step on the half dominated by red ants, then you have caused a bottleneck catastrophe which lead to the genetic drift from an equal phenotypic frequency of red and black ants, to a population dominated by mostly black ants. The subtypes, Bottlenecking and Founder effect, are two different concepts. The type (Genetic Drift) refers to an event in which the allele frequency of a population changes.
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